Internal-combustion engine.



G. L. BADGER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT-M1913. 4 l. 4

Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

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lawenior: Georgel. Badger,

wnesges:

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Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

Inv enzo' Geovgge L. *deger, by MWW*`@ G. L. BADGER.

INTERNAL comeusloN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. l. W13.

.lay

` Witnesses.-

gw 15m e. L '1a/mein.

1 INTERNAL COMBUSHON ENGINE.

YAPPLHZAYTON FILED GCT- l H213.

`s" lll ro /////////////f l UNITED sratrwus V PATENT onirica.

GEORGE L. BADGERQOF QUINCY, IVIASSACHUSETTS.

rNrnnNnL-ooMBUsrron; ENGINE.

Spe'icatin cf Letters Patent: Patented Mar. 26, 1.918.

Application filed October l, 1913. Serial No. 792,871..

"taken in connection with the accompanying drawings of tiro spcciic embodiments there of, While its 'scope will he more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

F'In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical, cross-sectional View through one of the cylinders of the vert-ical, niulti-cylinder, two-cycle, internal combustion engine embodying my invention;

vFig. 2 is a `vertical, longitudinal section through one olf' the cylinders and a portion.

of another;

Fig. l a vertical, cross-sectional View through one of the cylinders of another forni or embodiment, 'showing a slight modificad tion ot' the power cylinder in which the lab 1er is extended to'form also the circumferential lWall of the compression cylinder;

Fig. l is a plan sectional view in a plane rcontaining the eidiaust portsand elhaust manifold g' 1F igs. 5, (l, 7 and 8, are vertical, Groessen tional views of the engine a reduced scale, representing the parte of the engine in four diilerent positions, and illustrating the aci tion of the sliding valve with relation to the pistons; l Fig. 5 shows the engine in its initial position, or on dead'centen-that'is to say,y with the pistons at the top of Ltheir stroke, and. the valve closed, ready for the spark;

Fig. 6 shows the pistons at midstroke descending 5 Fig. 7 shows the pistons et the bottoni of their stroke, the intake port .being nearly closed and the exhaust port partially open;

Fig. 8 showsthe pistons at midstroke ascending, the exhaust port being Wide open, and the crank lcase port .partly open; and

Fig. 9 is a perspective View at a reducedV scale showing the crank-shaft in a Couven tional Way and illustrating the relation of the cranks.

Referring to the drawings, and to the einbodiinents of in y invention. whichl have selected 'for illustration, and more particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and f1 to 8, inclusive`v l', have there shown an internal coi'nbustion engine having a crank shaft l0, which is 'preferably ,iinroridecil with a plurality oi cranks, one of which. is represented at 11.

Thon the engine is oit the founcylinder type, the cranks will be setsoV that the eylin-- ders may be fired in leale-2 4 order, which will require the cranls to be arranged iii pairs, andthe cranks of' each pair to he 180 degrees from each other, but in a 'plaine at right angles to the plane of the other hair of cranks, as shon'n in Fig. 9.

The crank-shaft is mounted in appropriate bearings in a crank case 12, divided by walls 13 into a plurality of compartments 14,001 responding to the 'number of cylinders. The latter are substantially similar to each other in construction, thouglrarranged in pair-5;. The engine herein comprises four cylinders,

or cylinder units, which. for convenience will be designated 151, 152, 1.53, and 154; b 't since, as already stated, these cylinders are substantially siniilar to nach other, it will he necessary to describe only the cylinder 15, and a portion of the cylinder l5?, Vin order that a clear understanding' of the construe tion and operation. of the engine :nay he had.

Each cylinder unit comprises an router ey'dinder or casing 16, supported upon and secured, to the crank case 1Q. This outer cylinder.' or casing is .herein provided with an intake port 17, an erhau port 18, a, transfer passage 19, an air .i scavenging passage 21, and f port 22, the location and pur" will be more particularly ret; inafter.

Located within and suspend i upper end of the outer cylinder r is a working cylinder 23, having u transfer port-.24C for the4 release of the combustible mixture from the compression space to the starting air of which ed to here transfer passage, Van inlet port 25 for the arlinission i the explosive mixture from the transfer assage to the combustion chamber Q-(i, an exhaust port 27 for the release oit the.

t port 20, a

CII

The working cylinder may be, and preferably is, provided With a Water jacket 30, inclosing a water space 31, intended to receive circulating water through an inlet pipe 32 and discharge the same through an outlet pipe 33.

Slidably mounted Within the working cylinder 23 1s a working piston 34, having appropriate piston rings 35. The working piston is herein provided with an annular groove 36, and one or more, preferably a plurality, of longitudinal passa es 37, communicating with said groove. he purpose of this groove and these passages will be presently explained. The working piston is connected to its crank by a connecting rod 38, attached to a wrist-pin 39 passing through the piston and secured therein in a well known manner.

The working cylinder is separated from the outer cylinder, or casing by an annular space 40, in which is disposed a sleeve 41, constituting a slide valve. This sleeve is herein provided with a port 42 for the admission of atmospheric air to the crank case through the port 20; a port 43 for the admission. of the'combustible mixture from the, portv 17 to the compression space hereinafter described; a port 444 for therelease of the compressed combustible mixture from the port 24 to the exchange'passage 19; a port 45 for tlie admission oflthe compressed combustible mixture from the transfer passage through the port 25 t0 the vcombustion chamber 2G; a port 46 for the release of the burnt gases from'the combustion chamber through the port 27 to the port 18; a-port 47 for 4the admission of scavenging air from the passage /21 through the por1, 28 into the combustion space 26; and a port 48 for the admission f pressure fluid, such 'for example as cmpressed air, for starting purposes. if'

within? cylinder 23, is a compressing piston 49, having onefor more piston rings 50 In the form lofimyinvention shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4 to 8, inclusive, the circumferential all of the compressing cylinder is formed by the inner surface of the sleeve 41, while in the form shown in Fig. 3, the working cylinder is provided lwith I a depending sleeve-like extension 51, which forms the circum fercntial wall of the compressing cylinder. In the latter ease, the compressing piston is exactly similar-to that shown in the first form, except that it is reduced in diameter by an amount equal to twice the thickness of the intervening depending sleeve512.V ln both cases, the' compressing piston; may be, and preferably is, formed -on or seciiired tothe working piston, and the annular space between 'the latter and the circumferential Wall of the compressing cylinder constitutes what will be convenient to ithle sleeve '41 below the WorkingJ pressing piston may be substantially one-- half the area of the working iston, and the capacityA ofthe combustion ciamber or the clearance space of the power cylinder may be reduced by one-half, so that the compression will remain substantially the same. X'Vith this form of construction, the gases will be expanded to nearly atmospheric pressure, before the exhaust port opens, and there will be an increase of substantially 25 per cent. in thermal efficiency of the engine at full load, as compared with an engine that exhausts the gases at comparatively high pressure at full load. When it is desired to obtain a large power output from a. given sized engine, .thefform/shown in Figs. 1 2 and 4 -to 8 inclusive, which is the preferred form, willi be employed.. In this form, the area ofthe annular part of the compressing piston fis substantially the same as the area of the working piston, The sliding sleeve may be operated by any other appropriate mechanism, but herein is connected by an eccentric rod 53, and an ee 'centric strap 54 to anv eccentric 55, appropriately formed on or secured to the crank shaft 10. When the latter rotates, the sliding sleeve valve will be moved to cover and uncover the severalports which it controls in their .proper sequence in the operation of the engine, as will appear more fullyhereinafter.; A A l The engine may be provided with any appropriate exhaust pipe or manifold, butin order-to increase the eiliciency ofthe engine,

and assist in thoroughly scavenging its cyl-' and being` preferably concentric with the outer conduit. Preferably also the inner and outer conduits are tapered, or' somewhat reduced in diameter, as shown in Fig. 4. It will thus be seen that when the piston of either pair reaches mid-stroke on its exhaust strokeLonc of the pistons of the other pair will have reached `the end ofits power stroke and the Vrush of the exhaust gases from the one cylinder through'the pipe eonnected to its respective chamber will` create a strong suction in the pipe connected Awith `spent gases before the combustible i'uinture is admitted tosuch cylinder.

The engine may he provided with any usual. or-suitable ignition system, such for example an electric ju1np-sparl system p similar to those in common use, 'and includy ing a spark-plug 62 i'or each of the c'ylin ders. As'alreay stated, the firing of the engine iv ill be .in lm--fl; order,-that is to say., the arrangement of the ignition system 2D will be such as to cause a spark lirst in the cfyr'linder 15', then in the cylinder 153, then in the cylinder 152, and finally in the cylinder 154. 'V i The general ope-ration of the engine hereiniilieore specifically described is follows:-`-

Assuming 'that the parts are in theposi'- Atioivshmivn in Fig. 5, and that a charge of com ressed combustible gas is Within the conigustion space, and the crank is traveling in the direction shownrby. the arrow in Fig 5, the pistons descend from the posit1on` shown in Fig-. 5 toward the 'position shown in Fig. (i. The sleeve valvealso descends from the position shown in Fig. 5 toward 3'5 thejiosition shown in Fig. (i, and `during fsucli time, the port 4:3 is in confimunication with the inta he port li", with the consequence that the descending compressing piston 49 i i v n l draws .in the charge of combustible mixture 40 frein the intake port into. the annular compression spa-ce 52. The piston continues to descend vuntil it reaches the position shown in Fig. i", the sleeve new' ascending `hntthe admission port being' "still" partly open.

Thus itiivill be seen that the admission. port is open'iduring substantially' the Whole oi."v

the suction. stroke. In the meantime, a

I charge of atmospheric air previously taken 'A into the crank case from the ports 2 0 and 42 is compressed by the descending pistons,

and is forced through the scavenging pas- Ysage in communication with the crank case compartmei'it to `the combustion chamber of the adjacent working cylinder, which at fi that time is exhausting, since its piston'ifI on the early partei. its up-strolie `Whei-ithe piston of the r first-nientiened cylinder commences its yupward stroke,-the port Bin the "sleeve will 'pass upwardly into communica 60. tion with, und beyond, the intake p'ort 17, as

shown in Fig. Si andthe combustible mixture .in theannular compression space. will be partially coijnpressed. l\l[ea'ntime,A 'the n port 42 has risen into communicationfvvith' '65 .the port 20, thus allowing piston in its upfstroke to suck atmospheric air into the crankA case `and the interiorof the hollow pistons. When during the upward motion olf the pistons' the annular' groove 3G commences to communicate with the port 24, the compressed combustible mixturer will pass from the compression space 52 through the passage or passages 37 and annular groove a f to the port 24.

At practically the bcginiviing of the up- .stroke ofthe working piston, the port 4f in the sleeve establishes communication liei 'tween the coii'il'iustion space 26 and thc l atn'iosl'ihei'e by way of the ports 27 aud 1S,

thu's releasing the burnt gases and allowingr themto be expelled. To assist in expelling' -the burnt gases, the' air which is comin'essed 'ni vthe crankv case "coiiip-a`rtment l-L of the 'adjacent cylinder passes upwardly through the scavenging passage E21 through the port` 47 inthe sleeve;v and through the port 28,

into the Working'cylinder' at a point practically opposite the exhaust port, tliei'esult being `that the sca'veningair thus supplied to the cylinder cools the latter internally, and assists in expelling the; burnt gases. f As already stated, owing to the use of the dcscribed type of exhaust manifold, the latter serves to assist in scavenging the cylinder.^ `due to the suction Which it creates in the exhaust. In the meantime, when the ivorlo ing piston passes upwardly .beyond the exhaust port 27, the. ports 44. and 45 in the valve arestill open to ports '24 `and S25 respectively, and the partially com pressed cour Vbustible'nriiXture-i-n the compression vspace 52 is forced from the port'Ql, by Way of the transfer passage 19 and 'port E25, into the combustion cl'iamlier 9.6. The sleeve "valve then descends until the port 4:5 out Utreg-V case, respectively, thus avoiding iwgativc Work of the engine, and preventing` in a large measure Wire-draiviiig and heating' of the nasi-s passing through the ports, AIt will also he observed thai-.u single positively operatedV slide valve controls the admission and exhaust ot gases to and from the couibustion chamber, the` adii'iission and discharge ofthe `combustible mixture to and from the. compression chamber, the admission andv discharge of scavenging air to and consequently, little liability of leakage of either air or oil from the crank-case. since the pressure inthe crank-case is but slightly above' ati'nospheric pressure.. Since the ports can be made of large area and remain open during substantially the whole of the respective strokes of the piston, the pressure Y above or below atmospheric lncssnre in the crank-case will be only su cient to cause the air to travel through the ports and passages at the required speed. The action ofi the scavenging air in clearing the cylinder `of spent gases is greatly assisted, and the pressure required to force the air through the cylinder is much reduced by the novel manner in which the inertia of the exhaust gases in the manifold is utilized to snpplcment the action of the scavenging air.

W'hile I have herein shown and described two specific embodiments of my invention for illustrative purposes. and havel disclosed and discussed in detail the construction and arrangement. incidental to two specific applications thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is limitedneither to the mere details 0r relative arrangement ot' parts, nor to its specific embodiments herein shown, but that, extensive deviation from the illustrated forms or embodiments of the inven tion may be made', without departing from the principles thereof.

Havingg thus described my invention;` what I claim and desire by Letters Patent to procure is:- y

1. In an internal combustionengine, the combination' ot anouter cylinder, an' inner -power cylinder separated from said outer vcylinder by an' annular space, 4a' tubular valve encircling said power cylinder, and a.

piston having two diameters the smaller working in the bore of saidpower cylinder and the larger working within said valve.

2. In an internal combustlon engine, the

' combination of an outer cylinder, an inner power cylinder located within and separated from salid outer cylinder by a space, said cylinders being provided with inlet, transfer and exhaust. ports, a tubular valve encircling. said power cylinder and controlling said ports, a. piston havin" two diameters the smaller worl'iing in said power cylinder and the larger working within vsaid valve, there being` an annular conll'nession space encircling said Isnialler diameter, and means permitting the transfer ot' a"con1jpressed chilrge of combustible mixture from said compression space to said working cylinder. 3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an outer cylinder, an inner power cylinder located within and separated t'rom said outer cylinder by' a s ace, said cylinders being provided with inlet, transfer and exhaust ports, a tubular valve encirclinfv said power cylinder and controlling saidwports, a piston having two diam* eters the smaller working in said power cylinder and the larger working within said valve, there being an annularcompression space encirclingr said smaller diameter, said smaller diameter ot said piston being provided with a-recess registering with said transfer ports when the piston approaches the end ot its exhauststroke.

et. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an inner nower cylinder hav-- ing an inlet and a transfer port, an outer cylinder having Aan inlet port and a transfer passage the latter adapted to communicate with said ports` in the power cylinder, and a slide valve intermediate said cylinders for controlling said ports.

In an internal combustion engine, the combinatioirof an outer cylinder, a power cylinder disposed within and spaced from said outer cylinder, a tubular valve encirclingsaid power cylinder, and a piston having two diameters the sin-aller of which is disposed within said power cylinder and the larger ot which is disposed within said; tubular valve.

(i. In a two c vele internal combustion engine, the combinati-on ol. an' outer cylinder provided with inlet` transfer and exhaust Y ports. a power cylinder provided with inlet,

transfer and exhaust )ol-ts, pistons Working in said cylinders, a slide valve intermediate said cylinder-sand provided with a plurality ofports, and means for opeiating said Valve to 'cause-its ports to register with the rc-A spective. ports in said cylinders during substantiallziy the whole ot' the respective strokes of the piston.

7: In a two cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of an outer-cylinder provided with inlet, exhaust and trans-'lier ports, an inner` power cylinder provided with inlet, exhaust audtansier ports. la piston workingin said power cylinder and provided with an enlarged portion at its lower or inner end tor|ning` a. comliressin piston, and a slide valve intermediate said cylinders lor. controlling said ports," the smaller part. of said piston being provided with a recess arranged to register with said transfer ports whendzhe piston approaches the end ot' its exhaust. stroke.

Sula a two cycle internal lcombustion engine, the comliiuali'on of a closed crank-ease,l

an outer cylinder secured thereto and pro-f` Leen-297 ments corresponding to the cylinders, and a plurality of cylinder units each comprising an outer cylinder secured to said cranlncasc and provided with a scavenging vpassage opening at one end into an adjacent coinpartinent of the crank-case, an inner power,

cylinder supported by said outer cylindeu and provided with a port adapted `to com` municate with the other end of said scavenging iaesage, and a slide valve intermedi ate said cylinders for controlling said port.

10. lin a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a closed crank-case provided with a plurality of con'iliartments corresponding to the cylinders, and a plurality of cylinder units each comprising an. outer cylinder' secured to said crank-case and provided with an port leading into ,the Correspondingfconr partment and a scavenging passage leading',

from an adjacent compartment, an inner cylinder supported by saidfouter cylinder, and means ufor causing a charge of air to be taken into a crank-case compartment and transferred through said scavenging passage into said inner cylinder, the historientioned means including a slide valve intermediate said inner and outer cylinders.

lll. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a closed crank-case provided with a plurality of compartments corresponding to the cylinders, and a plurality of cylinder units each comprising an outer cylinder provided with a transfer passage opening into one of said compartments, a power cylinder provided with a port arrangedto register with'said transfer' passage, a piston working in` said power cylinder, a. slide valve intermediate said outer and power cylinders provided with a port, and means for operating said valve to cause its port to register with said port in the power cylinder during substan tially the whole of the exhaust stroke of the piston. l

12. In two cycleinternal combustion engine, the combinationof an outer cylinder provided with an inlet port and a transfer asse e an inner ower c linder rovided with a transfer port adapted to communicate with said transfer passage, a valve sleeve coperating with said ports, a piston in said power cylinder provided with` an enlarged portion at its lower or inner end forming a compression piston, the smallertion of a power cylinder provided with `an .inlet port, an exhaust port and a transfer ,y

port, a piston in said cylinder vprovided with` an enlarged portion at its lower end forming a compression piston, the smaller portion .of said piston being #provided with a recess adapted to register with saidtransfer port when the piston 'approaches the end of its exhaust stroke, said exhaust port being so placed as to be covered by the upper `end of the piston just before the recess in the piston registers with said transfer port.

14e.' In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders provided with inlet and exhaust ports, pistons "working in said cylinders in paired relation 'to each other, and an exhaust manifold conand theother pair exhausting into the other chamber, the Vrespective cylinders of one pair exhausting alternately with relation/to the respective cylinders of the other pair, said manifold having a conduit leading from one of said chambers through the other,

15. In, a two cycle internal Acombustion engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders provided with inlet and'exhaust ports, pistons working in said cylinders in paired. relation to each other, the istons vof one air being at oppositeends o their respecitve cylinders when the pistons of the other pair are at mid-stroke, and an exhaust manifold having two separate chambers, one pair of cylinders exhausting into one chamber and the other pair exhausting into the other chamber, said manifold having a conduit leading from one chamber through the' other.

16. In an internal combusion engine, the

combi-nation of a plurality of cylinders provided with inlet and exhaust ports,- pistonsy working in said cylinders, a crank-shaft having cranks connected to said pistons to operate the same in paired relation to each other, the cranks connected with each pairV of pistons being 180 degrees from each other and substantially 90 degrees from the cranks one chamber and the other .air exhausting into the other chamber, saidp manifold having a conduit leading from one ehamher through and concentric with the outlet of the other chamber.

17. An explosion engine having.l in combination, a easing provided with a chamber extending therethrough and having 'inlet and exhaust passages Communicating with said chamber, a cap adapted to close one end of said easing, a sleeve extending from said cap into said chamber andl termi/hating substantially midway thereof and constituting an explosion cylinder, said sleeve haring inlet and exhaust passages, a :sleeve valve interposed between Said sleeve and said easing,

said valve having-inlet and exhaust ports adapted to aline With said passages', means to move said valve, and a piston arranged to reciprocate in said casing, Said piston having two bearing members, one of said 

